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Todor Švrakić (1882–1931) was a famous Bosnian painter. He was one of the early 20th century pioneers of Bosnian painting within the European style and is considered one of the Western Balkans' most notable watercolour artists.〔( "Stotinu godina od prve izložbe u prijedorskom Muzeju Kozare" (in Bosnian - trans. "One hundred years since the first exhibition at the Kozara Museum, Prijedor", by Snežana Tasić, Glass Srpske, 5.4.2010 ), accessed 14 February 2010〕 Švrakić was born in Prijedor. His father, a carpenter, initially apprenticed Švrakić to a tailor, but his interest in painting took Švrakić, aged 16, to Belgrade, where he studied at Risto Vukanović's private painting school. He went on to study at the art academy in Vienna under Pavle Paja Jovanović. He subsequently gained a scholarship to the Prague Academy of Art.〔 Following his return to Bosnia, he became one of Bosnia's most prominent artists. Prof. Ahmed Burić, dating the beginnings of Bosnian painting back to Bosnia's occupation by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1878, mentions Todor Švrakić, along with Gabrijel Jurkić, Lazar Drljača and Petar Šain, as one of the very first modern Bosnian artists.〔("Povratak u budućnost" (in Bosnian - trans. "Back to the Future"), by Ahmed Burić, Dani, No. 353, 19.3.2004 ), accessed 14 February 2011〕 Along with Pero Popović, Karlo Mijić and Branko Radulović, he was one of Bosnia's first academically-trained artists. Conservative in outlook, they opted for a naturalistic style, with an inclination for ethnographic subjects, but they opened up the way for the next generation of more innovative artists.〔("The Austro-Hungarian Period in Bosnia-Herzegovina - Cultural Politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the creation of the Western type of art" by Aida Lipa, Kakanien Revisited, 26.5.2006 ), accessed 14 February 2011〕 In 1907 Popovic, Radulovic and Švrakić exhibited in one of the two exhibitions that year that marked the beginnings of the modern painting tradition in Bosnia.〔 The Kozara Museum in Prijedor owns a number of Švrakić's pictures and in 2010 hosted an exhibition of his work commemorating the hundredth anniversary of Švrakić's own 1910 exhibition in Prijedor.〔 Švrakić died in Sarajevo in 1931. ==Historical background== Aida Lipa has noted in her study of cultural politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Austro-Hungarian Period how after Bosnia and Herzegovina's annexation in 1878, Sarajevo became the cultural as well as the administrative centre of Bosnia and Herzegovina and how, anxious to integrate feudal post-Ottoman B&H with the industrial capitalist economy of the Empire and counter the impact on the Bosnian Serbs and Croats of nationalistic propaganda in support of Serbian and Croatian territorial aspirations, the Austro-Hungarian administration sought to foster a Bosnian national identity that would unify the country's different ethnic groups. An important aspect of this attempt at Bosnian "nation-building" was the effort to develop a common cultural identity based on a common vernacular and historical tradition and the development of links with the wider European culture through a process of cultural modernisation. Part of this cultural modernisation was the encouragement of a native school of Bosnian painting within the European style. During the 19th century painting in Bosnia was dominated by foreign artists. Two exhibitions in Sarajevo in 1907 marked the emergence of the first generation of native Bosnian painters influenced by their exposure to the European tradition during their training in the Academies of the Empire. One of these exhibitions displayed the work of Gabrijel Jurkić, a Croat trained in Zagreb, and the other the work of three former students at the Academy in Prague, the Serbs Pero Popović, Branko Radulović and Todor Švrakić. Although Lipa notes that the work of these painters who introduced contemporary European trends and movements to Bosnia was mostly characterised by a naturalistic and realistic approach, with little experimentation or radical innovation, nevertheless, the lasting impact of their pioneering accomplishments marks 1907 as "the turning point" for Bosnian painting.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Todor Švrakić」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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